AQA GCSE FOUNDATION Chemistry: Basic Atomic Structure

AQA GCSE Foundation Chemistry: Basic Atomic Structure

Introduction to Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter. They are incredibly small, but they have a complex internal structure. Let's explore the three main subatomic particles:

1. Protons:

• Location: Found within the nucleus of the atom, which is the central core.
• Charge: Positively charged (+)
• Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

2. Neutrons:

• Location: Also found within the nucleus of the atom.
• Charge: Neutral (no charge)
• Mass: Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)

3. Electrons:

• Location: Found orbiting the nucleus in shells or energy levels.
• Charge: Negatively charged (-)
• Mass: Negligibly small compared to protons and neutrons (about 1/1836 amu)

Key Points:

• Atoms are electrically neutral: This means that the number of protons (positive charges) is always equal to the number of electrons (negative charges).
• Atomic Number: The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number. This number is unique to each element.
• Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its mass number.

Example:

Consider a carbon atom. It has:

• Atomic number: 6 (meaning 6 protons)
• Mass number: 12 (meaning 6 protons + 6 neutrons)

Visual Representation:

           Protons (+)
           Neutrons (0)
           ----- Nucleus ----- 
           Electrons (-)

Summary:

Understanding the basic atomic structure is crucial for comprehending chemical reactions, bonding, and the properties of different elements. Remember, atoms are incredibly small yet contain a fascinating arrangement of subatomic particles!