AQA GCSE FOUNDATION Biology: Coronary Heart Disease

AQA GCSE Foundation Biology: Coronary Heart Disease

What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked. This happens when fatty deposits, called plaque, build up inside the arteries, a process known as atherosclerosis.

Causes of CHD

• High Cholesterol: High levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries.
• High Blood Pressure: High blood pressure puts extra strain on the heart and arteries, increasing the risk of plaque buildup.
• Smoking: Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, promoting plaque buildup and increasing the risk of blood clots.
• Diet: A diet high in saturated and trans fats can raise cholesterol levels, while a diet low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can also increase the risk.
• Lack of Exercise: Regular physical activity helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure, reducing the risk of CHD.
• Genetics: Some people have a genetic predisposition to developing CHD.
• Age: The risk of CHD increases with age.
• Diabetes: People with diabetes have a higher risk of CHD.

Symptoms of CHD

CHD can be silent, meaning there are no symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Chest Pain (Angina): A squeezing or pressure-like pain in the chest, often brought on by exertion.
• Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during exertion.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired and weak.
• Pain in the Arms, Neck, Jaw, or Back: Pain that radiates from the chest to other areas of the body.
• Heart Attack: A serious condition that occurs when a coronary artery is completely blocked, preventing blood flow to the heart muscle.

Treatments for CHD

• Lifestyle Changes: Making changes to your lifestyle, such as eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking, and exercising regularly, can help prevent or manage CHD.
• Medications: Medications can be used to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and thin the blood to prevent clots.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to bypass blocked arteries or insert stents to widen them.

Key Takeaways

• CHD is a serious condition that affects the heart.
• It is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.
• Lifestyle changes and medication can help prevent and treat CHD.

It's important to note that this is a simplified overview of CHD. For more detailed information, consult a healthcare professional.